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Toby E. Huff was born in Portland, Maine in 1942. He was trained as a sociologist but has been increasingly drawn to questions in the history, philosophy and sociology of science. Those inquiries led him to undertake Max Weber-inspired studies of the Arab and Muslim world, as well as China, including field work in Malaysia.〔The Writer’s Directory, 2010; Who’s Who in American Education, 2007-2008〕 ==Career and contributions== Huff earned a B.A. from Northeastern University, a Master’s from Northwestern, and his Ph.D. from the New School University (formerly the New School for Social Research) in 1971. He was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey (1978–79) and prior to that was a Post-doctoral Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley working with Robert Bellah. He has been a Visiting Scholar at the National University of Singapore, the University of Malaya, and the Max Weber College in Erfurt, Germany. He taught sociology for thirty-four years at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth before becoming Chancellor Professor Emeritus in 2005. Since then he has been a Research Associate in the Department of Astronomy at Harvard University.〔 At the New School Huff’s mentor was Benjamin Nelson 〔On the Roads to Modernity: Conscience, Science and Civilizations, Selected Writings by Benjamin Nelson, edited by Toby E. Huff, Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1981.〕 who was then taking up “ the Needham Question,” the question of why modern science arose only in the West and not in China. Influenced by Nelson but also Robert Merton, Huff continued that line of inquiry that resulted in ''The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West''.〔Huff, The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 2nd ed. 2003.〕 It has been translated into Arabic, Turkish, Korean and Chinese. It is still being used in classroom teaching seventeen years after its first publication. By exploring questions in the history of science in the Arab-Muslim world, Huff further extended questions initially raised by R. K. Merton about religious and institutional factors supporting 17th century science in England. By questioning the cultural embeddedness of science in Islamic culture and civilization, Huff also stimulated controversy. That discussion has been taken a step further by exploring evidence of scientific curiosity in China, Mughal India, and the Ottoman Empire in comparison to Europe in the seventeenth century. The results of that inquiry are in his ''Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution. A Global Perspective''.〔Huff, Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution. A Global Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, October 2010.〕 Additional influence of Max Weber on Huff can be seen in two books, his ''Max Weber and the Methodology of the Social Sciences'';〔Huff, Max Weber and the Methodology of the Social Sciences, Transactions Books, 1984〕 and ''Max Weber and Islam'',〔Huff, Max Weber and Islam, co-edited with Wolfgang Schluchter, Transaction Books, 1999.〕 co-edited with Wolfgang Schluchter. Early in his career Huff was influenced by a number of philosophers of science, especially N.R. Hanson and Karl Popper.〔Huff, Max Weber and the Methodology of the Social Sciences, pp. 1-2.〕 That intersection of questions in the philosophy and history of science is seen in his contribution to the ''Karl Popper Centenary volume: The Open Society, Metaphysical Beliefs , and Platonic Sources of Reason ad Rationality''.〔Huff, “The Open Society, Metaphysical Beliefs and Platonic Sources of Reason and Rationality,” in Karl Popper. A Centenary Assessment, edited by Ian Jarvie, Karl Mitford, and Avid Miller, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007, pp. 16-44.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toby Huff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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